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Understanding steel dimensions and measurement units

How sizes are written for common sections, and simple formulas to estimate steel weight.

Millimetres first

Section sizes are usually given in millimetres, while lengths are often in metres or feet. Always write the unit to avoid confusion.

How common sizes are written

Angle: leg × leg × thickness. Flat: width × thickness. Plate: thickness, then length × width. Round bar: diameter. Hollow section: outside size × wall thickness.

Estimating weight

Mild steel has a density of about 7.85 g/cm³ (7,850 kg/m³).

Plate or sheet: length (m) × width (m) × thickness (mm) × 7.85 = approximate kg.

Round bar: diameter (mm)² ÷ 162 = approximate kg per metre.

These are estimates; actual section weights vary with manufacturing tolerances.

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